Coorinating Emergency Response - Crisis Management Essay

Coorinating Emergency Response - Crisis Management - Essay Example Myanmar Government preferred government to government aid. AmeriCares required permission for airlift supplies which was a challenging and proved to be time taking process. The efforts could have brought more differences in relieving people from suffering and dying. The political pressure was high in the case of efforts of AmeriCares. However during such kind of natural disaster the effort should be to ensure proper assessment of disaster, coordination among various teams of rescue efforts, proper flow of food, medical and other supplies for relief, coordinating response through public information officers and media channels, collaboration of global efforts for the rescue and relief operations, informing public about their lost relatives, friends and dear ones and informing general public about disaster. However political situation of Myanmar did not allow all these things. Once disaster takes place in certain area, depending upon the nature of disaster and damage caused to the communication network, disaster management team finds out alternatives for communication to ensure proper flow of communication. In major disasters, communication infrastructure gets damaged or destroyed. Government agencies and disasters management agencies should have an alternative communication strategy for disasters. The information sent or receive should be short, clear and simple. An effective communication strategy during any disaster supports the coordination activities and helps in rescue and damage control operations. The Transitional Fires are significantly dangerous as the exposure of firefighters is high on hourly basis and is very risky for them. It is highly risky for resulting in injuries and fatality. It is threatening for the firefighters and influences their level of motivations negatively. The crisis management and emergency response to the transition fire requires combined efforts of Forest Service Firefighters, researchers and analysts. These can

Cambrian Explosion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cambrian Explosion - Research Paper Example Parker defines it thus: â€Å"The Cambrian explosion is the evolutionary episode in which all animal phyla attained complex external forms.† (Parker, 2003, p. 9) The phylum is the body plan of an animal, and in the period before 543 million years ago, called the Precambrian era, there were only three distinct animal phyla, whereas at 538 million years ago, there were 38, and this phenomenal increase is what gives rise to the term â€Å"Cambrian explosion.† Some aspects of this theory are, however, disputed, and there are studies which support a much more gradual development of the 38 animal phyla over a much longer time, reaching back long before the so-called explosion period from 543 million years ago. This paper examines the key arguments in favour and against the phenomenon known as the Cambrian explosion concludes with some reflection on what the implications of the Cambrian explosion debate are for modern science. Most scholars agree that there is a step-change in the fossil record at around 543 million years ago. There are some problems, however, in assuming that this surviving record showing a sudden increase in phyla variation gives us a true and complete picture of what actually happened. As scientists discover and analyse further samples, and as new technologies emerge which allow different kinds of analysis, the picture can change dramatically. Above all, it must always be remembered that the preservation of specimens is largely a matter of chance, and there is always the possibility that key pieces of evidence have not survived, or have not yet been discovered: â€Å"While fossils provide the only tangible evidence for the origin of animals, some key early metazoan fossils are rare and many lack informative characters, making the derivation of a rigorous phylogenetic hypothesis based solely on fossil data difficult.† (Cartwright and Collins, 2007) Referring to new technologies such as comparative genomics , Cartwright and Colli ns conclude that â€Å"currently available genomic data supports the origin of a complex genome predating the Cambrian radiation, with the ancestral genome possessing the molecular toolkit necessary for an ‘explosion’ of body plans and complex traits.† (Cartwright and Collins, 2007) This position modifies the theory of the Cambrian explosion only slightly, since it theorizes a large number of evolutionary changes before 543 million years ago, at the molecular level, which then had the effect of causing a rapid divergence of organisms in the Cambrian explosion period. Factors external to the animals then prompt the adaptations that we see in the physical record. Some of the more popular science books propose single factors as â€Å"triggers† for the Cambrian explosion, such as changes in the way that light affected the earth which in turn prompte the evolution of sight, which had the effect of increasing pressure on organisms to avoid being seen and eaten b y other organisms (Parker, 2003). The importance of the Burgess shale deposits in British Columbia, Canada is recognized as a crucial piece of evidence and has been labelled as the indicator of a â€Å"Big Bang† in animal evolution. (Carroll, 2005, p. 138) The diversity of forms is explained in terms of adaptation to changes in the environment: â€Å"Genes in the tool kit are important actors in this picture, but the tool kit itself represents only possibilities, not destiny. The drama of the Cambrian was driven by ecology on a global